Regenerative repeaters comprising a double memory for signals in a start-stop-code



Nov. 4, 1958 R. M M, QBERMAN 2,859,279

REGENERTIVE REPEATERS COMPRISING A DOUBLE MEMORY FOR SIGNALS IN A START-STOP-CODE Filed Feb. 7, 1955 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 Nov. 4, 1958- R. M. M. oBERMAN 2,859,279

REGENERTIVE REPEATERS COMPRISING A DOUBLE MEMORY FOR SIGNALS IN A START-STOP-CODE Filed Feb. "l, 1955 8 SheebS-Sheeil 2 AGENT Nav. 4, 1958 R. M. M. OBERMAN y2,859,279

REGENERATIVE REPEATERS COMPRISING A DOUBLE v MEMORY FOR SIGNALS AIN A START-STOP-CODEl Filed Feb. 7, 1955 v e sheets-sheet s INVENTOR' I AGENT Nov. 4, 1958 R. M. M. OBERMAN '2,859,279

REGENERATIVE REPEATERS COMPRISING A DOUBLE MEMORY FOR SIGNALs 1Nv A sTART-s'roP- con Filed Feb. 7, 1955. 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 Inl Y 7 NOV. 4, 1958 v R M M OBERMAN 2,859,279

REGENERATIVE REPEATERS COMPRISING A DOUBLE y MEMORY FOR SIGNLS IN 'A START-STOP-CODE Filed Feb. 7, 1955 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 SCANNER FINAL MEMORY ZndSTART-STQP ZMGENERATQR v 2"dT|ME BASE FiG.5

. lNvENToR Foa of NMR T511/ ffm/'f OBf R/M /1/ AGENT N0 4, 1958 R. M. M. OBERMAN 2,859,279

REGENERATIVE REPEATERS coMPRxsING A DOUBLE MEMORY FoRsIGNALs 1N A-sTART-sToP-conE Filed Feb. 7, 1955 Y 8 Shets-Sheet 6 START STOP l; l l I (4) 1 L j JJ l (a. f/ffFf/ W INVENTOR Pano; M/mf/v mmf OBfPM/l/V AGENT NOV. 4, 1958 R. M M QBERMAN 2,859,279

REGENERATIVE REPEATERS COMPRISING A DOUBLE MEMORY FOR SIGNALS IN A START-STOP-CODE Filed Feb. 7, 1955 v 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 n n n n n n x 1 0 L(22)2 F|G.6 a

INVENTOR NOV- 4, 1958 R. M. M. OBERMAN 2,859,279

REGENERATIVE REPEATERS coMPRrsING A DOUBLE K l MEMORY FOR SIGNALs 1N A sTART-sToP-conE Filed Feb. 71955 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVENTORl naaf' fm/f M/m/'f -@BER/WW AGENT REGENERATIVE REPEATERS COMPRISING A DOUBLE MEMORY FR SIGNALS IN A START-STP-CDE Roelof Maarten Marie Oherman, Voorburg, Netherlands,

assignor to Staatsbedrijf der Posterijen, Telegratie en Telefonie, The Hague, Netherlands Application February 7, 1955, Serial No. 486,441

Claims priority, application Netherlands February 11,1954

37 Claims. (Cl. 178-70) This invention relates to a regenerative repeater for multi-element signals in a start-top code. More particularly, it deals with a regenerative repeater which utilizes an intermediate memory device for the storage of one signal element during the interval between the scanning of two successive signal elements in the receiving circuit of such. a regenerative repeater; and a similar' nal memory device for the storage of one signal element. At the moment of thebeginning of the retransmissiomthis final storage device receives the contents of the intermediate memory device and stores it for the duration of said retransmission, so that when the next signal element is received in the intermediate memory device, the preceding signal element will have been already transferred to the final memory device for its retransmission.

Mechanical regenerative repeaters are known which have one or more shafts rotating under the control of electro-magnetic couplings; namely, those comprising one shaft and which have a memory device for only one signal element, and those comprising two shafts and which have memory devices corresponding to the number of intelligence elements of the signal to be regenerated. Furthermore, electronic regenerative repeaters are known which fundamentally correspond to those of the mechanical type having one shaft and a memory device for only one signal element. (See Oberman U. S. Reissue Patent No. Re. 23,801). f

All known regenerative repeaters which have only one memory device have the same inherent disadvantages which will be explained more fully in the following description of the present invention. However, said disadvantages become moreapparent Whenrstart-stop signals having a stop element of short duration are used (for example 20 milliseconds) and when more than one regenerative repeater is included in series in a telegraph line. Said disadvantages are absent when a regenerative repeater according to the present invention is used in a telegraph system or any other system that requires the reshaping of the signal elements.

It is an object of this invention to produce an eiiicient, simple, elective yand economic regenerative repeater comprising a double memory device for signals in a stop-start code, which repeater will pass the C. C. I. T. recommen dations for such repeaters.

Another object of Ythis inventionV is to produce such a regenerative repeater in,which signals are successively stored in anV intermediate memory device and then are successively transferred and stored again in a iinal memory device.

`Another object of this invention Vis to produce such a regenerative repeater which `comprises a reception distributor and a transmission distributor and inwhichsaid distributors operate substantially independently of eachl other. l

Another object of this invention is to produce` a regenerative repeater in which rtime shifts in the lstart-stop transition, such as due to distortion delays and velocity changes, maybe automatically and quickly corrected the retransmitted signals, including correction .even

through a series of such repeaters. e

Another object of this invention is toproduce a re-v,

generative repeater in which the shift of the start-stop transition for each subsequent signal only becomes ap-V,

parent in the retransmission of the signal elements as a reduction lin the duration of the stop elements of the,

signals. Generally speaking, the regenerative repeater-of present invention may =be utilized asa regenerativey tele7V graph repeater for signals in a start-stop code.; ,Saidrej-A generative repeater mayv have a receivingl circuit andi a transmitting circuit which operate substantially 4independently of each other. The receiving circuitrin cooperation with a first time base device determines the kind of signal elements as a function of the start-stop transitions of the subsequent signal elements and successively',

storesV said signal elements in the same intermediatey memory device, the position of said iirstV time 'base devicev remaining the same Yfor the duration of at least one signal element. sitions of the elements the signal elements are stored in the intermediate memory device, they are passed successively,vwhile underthe, conn trol of said second or ,said irst andrsecond time base devices, into a nal memory device, and the position of said final memory device controls the regenerated signals.`

In an electronic regenerative repeater according to Vthis' invention, the receiving circuit may have apolarrecei-ving relay, or said relay may be replaced by an electronic .cir- .V

cuit, such as a trigger circuit. `AThis receiving circuit ort receiving polarrelay 1s connected to a start-stop circuit' which controls the starting and stopping of a lirst oscillator or pulse generator circuit. The reception of a start-r stop transition vcauses said iirst generator circuit, which produces a square wave potential, to generate a prede terminednumber of cycles which number of cycles are determined by and under the control of a first time base or semistable trigger circuit.` During this cycle and under the control of the irst generator in cooperation with said first semistable trigger circuit, the incoming signal'elements are scanned in a iirst scanning circuit which mayi comprise rectifying relay cells. Said Vincoming signals: then may be stored in a first bi-stable trigger circuit, which serves as an intermediate memory device. DWhen the position of the first semi-stable trigger circuitvaries Vfor the irst time, `or it is started, a second s'tart-stop'circuit: starts asecond oscillator or pulse generator circuit whichl is-'also under the control of a second semi-stable trigger circuit. In a manner similar to that of the rst generator' circuit, the second generator circuit generates a predeterf is repeated after each cycle.

mined number of cycles. of the-first and second generator circuits may be determined in a second scanning circuit, which also may comprise Vrectifying cells, and said coincidence of operation The kind of signalistoredin-V the intermediate memory device is passed via saidsecond scanning circuit to a second 'bi-stable trigger circuit,V

which is connected as a memory vdevice and which can serve as'a final memory and as a transmission circuit.

Connected to saidnal memory device maybe a polar transmitting relayfwhich can retransmit the lsignalele mentsstored inthe nal memory device inthe for'mof double current signals. 'f i A Amechanical regenerative repeater may also be producedvin accordance with'the scope of this invention,

wherein the two'time base and scanning devices arev inw' corporated into two separaterotating'disti'ibutorsjnamely1 a receiving distributor and a transmitting distributon' which distributors may be driven by the sameelectric motor, although theyare independentlyV operated.- iThese distributors maybe thus connected to a single and the A Isatented Nov. 4, 1958,A

A second time` base device determines the tran-I of the regenerated signals. AfterV The coincidence of operation same intermediate memory device, such as a condenser or a relay, and separate electromagnetic pawl releasing of embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein;

Fig.l lshows signal wave form diagrams of the incoming and outgoing start-stop multi-element signals through three'regenerative repeaters connected in a series, wherein s aid .repeaters have only one memory device and a stop-I start transition` has been delayed by distortion between each of said repeaters; Y.

I. Fig. 2 isa signal wave form diagram similar to Fig. 1, in Whichthe scanning is shown symbolically by vertical arrows and the storing by horizontal arrows,k and in whichv therepeaters have separate memory devices for each 1nl telligenceelement ofV a complete signal; I

fFig. .3 is a signal wave form diagram similar to Figs. land 2, showing the scanning of incoming signal elements in regenerative repeaters having double memory devices in accordance with the present invention;

. Fig. 4 is a signal wave 'form dlagrarn similar to Fig. 3,.

showing only two repeater sections in which the normal stop elements have been reduced 20 milliseconds duration;

` Fig. 5 shows -a basic wiring diagram of an electronic,

regenerative repeater having a double memory device according to Vonerembodiment of the present invention;

Figs. 6 and 6a show graphs of the voltage variation at different important time points of the circuit according to the embodiment of Fig'.V 5 for a complete multi-elementstart-stop signal wave; and

Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of the invention in( which the electronic regenerative repeater of Fig.d is replaced by a two shaft or mechanical double memory devise Y I. SIGNALS THROUGH DIFFERENT REPEATERS IN SERIES A. Repeaters with a single memory device TYPES OF 'p The previouslymentioned disadvantages inherent in regenerative repeaters having one memoryrrdevice may be readily explained with reference to the following examplev of a telegraph line Awhich has three regenerative repeaters connected in series. It is assumed in the example that a continuous transmission Vof signals which have stop ele` ments of a nominal duration, such as 30 msecs. arebeing used. It is also assumed that the'stop-start transition of aV determined signalY (the first in 1) to a subsequent signal reaches the receiving end of the first regenerative repeater 40% or 8 msecs. retarded as a result of distortion, and that such distortion also occurs in the transmission line between the first and'second regenerative repeater and between the second and third regenerative repeater. In other words, as a result of accidental circumstances, the stop-starttransition of the one andthe same signal' happens to fbe adversely aected in the same way in Vall three sections of the transmission line.Y A In Fig. l shows the incoming and YtheV outgoing signals for three successive regenerativeY repeaters are shown inf which the transit times via the successive channels'is not from 30 milliseconds to transmitted successively are shown on the first line of Fig. 1. The nominal duration of the stop element of Y i ceived having a duration of 12 .msecs. The duration of taken into consideration. The stop-start transition of the first signal of each series of incoming signals exhibits thesaid distortion of 8 msecs. (reception too late).`

In Fig. `1 it is also assumed that no other distortion oc-V curs in the signals shown and that the velocities yof the incoming signals and of the regenerative repeaters are substantially correct. If such were not the case, the explanation following hereinafter'wouldbe Vreiideredun-VV y necessarily difficult and complicated. Y

:T'Ihree'signals from arwhole seziesrsignals whihzare the start elements of the two other signals upon their reception in the first regenerative repeater rrl is 20 mse'csi,` that'is to say they are undistorted, Vas also shown onrtheVVV second line of Fig. 1.

In Fig. 1 it is also assumed (for the sake of simplicity) that the regenerative repeaters rr1, rr2, and rr3 emit signals, the stop element of which has av minimum duration of 22 msecs. On the basis of these assumptions the iirst regenerative repeater rr1 retransmts the first signal shown in Fig. 1 with a stop element of 22 msecs., that is to say with a totalduration of 142 msecs. Since the stop-start boundaryhad been shifted backwards by 8 msecs., subsequent signals can by no means be injuenced inthe first regenerative repeater rr'l. As a result of thej Y retarded reception of the stop-starttransition, it will beevident that the -scanning of the first lsignal is shifted out4 of the centre by.8msecs. The scanning` of subsequentl signals on the second line of Fig.l 1 is again quite normal at the centre of the elements, as indicated symbolicallyf by the group of 5 vertical arrows between the wave forms on lines 2 and 3. p

Y During the transmission of the three signals via thesec tion between the iirst and second regenerative repeaters'A the' stop-start transition of the lirst signal is againretarded by 8 msecs. Apart from the reduction of the stop,`

element of the lirst signal in the first regenerative repeater rrl, the durations ofall other elements of the signals'online4 of Fig. 1 are'the sameVV as those'of the elementsof f the signals transmitted by the first regenerative repeater'V The second regenerative'repeater rr2 must'transmit the,

first signal with a stop Yelement of a duration of 22 msecs.' (forced minimum length of signal 142 msecs.).

In regenerative repeaters of the kind referred to, a: difference of"10 msecs. usually exists between the incoming' stop-startv transition of a signal and that which is 'retransmitted. If the transmission time of the 'stop elementof 22 msecs. has not reached 12 msecs. (22 `minus 10:)7,

the regenerative repeater cannot start performing a new'- reception cycle.` This situation occurs in Fig. 1 on the fifth line,l during the retransmission of thestop element' ofthe iirst signal shown. This implies that the cycle ofV the second signal starts 8 msecs. late, so that the second the second signal has'nothing to do with the large of the stop-start transition of the irst signal.

.The second signal is now also transmitted a duration of 142 msecs. by the second regenerative repeater rr2 (see line 5). The third signal is not distorted asa result of the shift of the stop-start transition of precedingsignals. v A

Even the third signalis inuenced in an analogous rilan-V ner by the action of asimilar distortion Yat the stop-start transition of the same signal during the transmission Y through the third section.

The use of stop elements having a duration of 30 msecs.

.l in the transmission .does not therefore provide a comof signals.

plete safety when using regenerative'repeaters in series,V but it provides'aV greater safety than the signals havingl stop elements of 20 msecs., which may readily be recognized if a figure similar to Fig. lis drawn for thiskind It is then necessary to Vassume that the stop 0P elemrlts 9f20 msecs, which mayY readily be reeog-f with regard to B. Repeaters with separate memoryA devices for all the elements of one signal The above said djfliculties do not occur when using a reception distributor and a transmission distributor operating substantially independently of each other such as in the aforementioned mechanical regenerative repeater comprising 2 shafts and a complete memory having a number of devices corresponding to the number of intelligence elements of the signals. Fig. 2 shows this theoretical situation in a regenerativeA repeater in which the transmission velocities of the input and output signals invariably have a nominal value. The reception distributor is constructed in such a manner that it can always start immediately at a stop-start transition between two signals so that the signals'are always scanned in accordance with what isY optimally'obtainable in a start-stop system. Assuming also that a regenerator for signals having a stop element of 30 msecs. is being used and that the duration of the stop element may decrease to at the least 22 msecs. during the re-transmission by the transmitting side of the regenerator, the re-transmission may always be effected at a moment which is optimum therefor. Thev similarly assumed shifts of the stop-start transition of the same signal via a plurality of subsequent sections only becomes manifest in this example as an increaseor reduction of the stop element which is re-transmitted. .The scanning of signals which follows after theV distorted signal is not aected.

Fig. 2 again shows, on the first line, a sequence of three signals of a continuous series, which are received by a regenerative repeater at the end of a transmission section and having a shift of the stop-start transition of the first signal shown, said shaft constituting a delay. The scanning is shown symbolically by means of vertical arrows. The incoming signal element is stored, for example, in capacitors or relays, until the scanning ofthe same signal element of the subsequent signal. This is shown symbolically by the horizontal lines marked l', 2', 3', 4, 5'.

This implies that a transmission distributor which operates independently of the reception distributor of the regenerative repeater, is required to have retransmitted the signal element shown Within about 140 msecs. This affords a really exceptional freedom, which may be utilized to make corrections in the velocityof the retransmitted signals as a function of the velocity of the incoming signals, so that it is therefore possible to correct differences in velocity up to 21/2 Fig. 2 shows a reception cycle of 130 msecs. at the receiving end of the regenerative repeater and a constrained minimum cycle of 142 msecs. at the transmitting end.

It is observed that this regenerative repeater also permits the utilizing of signals having a nominal duration the same as the stop element msecs.). However, delays in the reception of a stop-start transition'of the signals will be distributed over a larger number of signals and the safety of the transmission in regardy of the reception margin is equal to that obtained with the system having a stop element of a nominal duration of 30 msecs.

Two observations may be made in connection ywith the mechanical regenerative repeater comprising two shafts and a complete memory which is capable-of making corrections in velocity.

The CCIT allows differences in the velocity of teletypewriters in international traffic which are not greater than plus or minus 3%; however, it is a known fact that greater differences in velocity occur. When use is made of regenerative repeaters which are capable of adapting themselves to the velocity ofthe transmitting teletypewriter, the velocities exceeding the above.-meritionedy limit may-also be transmitted to another copntnyiintheform of 'a variation in the length of. theelemets'ioflthe signal Y instead ofonly a reduction or increaseotthe `st'op'elel ment of the signals. Thus the-variatio`n :nxvelocity as used in the regenerative repeatercomprisingtwo shafts and a complete memory is 'of .no use because ofthe recommendations of they CCIT, since the resultidoesvnot come up to these recommendations. i l 'i C. Repeaters with a double memory device y i lf the thought of' a lcorrection of velocities of thegsiignals Vby means of a variation in the length of all elements of the signals is disregarded, it may be Vseen'fronrFigL 2 that the shift of the reception'Y scanning of the incoming signals and the scanning ofthe signalsV stored in the complete memory always succeed one another with "a difference of less than l0 msecs'. `for signalV elements equal numbers. This -imp'liesfthat'it must be' sufficient to'utilize an intermediatey memoryfdevice for only one signal element, which stores ythis signal element 'during the interval between twosuccessive scannings at the receiving side of the regenerative repeater, and la Vfinal .memory device likewise forV only one signaly element,

which at the moment of the beginning of the retransmission-takes over -the contents of the intermediate memory device for the duration of the transmission'of the signal element. When the next signal-element is received in the .intermediate memory device, the preceding signal element has already been taken over in the final memory device. This will be explained more fully with reference to the diagram shown in Fig. 3. v'1`hislgure, being similar to Figs. 1 and 2, shows the waveforms of three signals which Yform part of a continuous series-of signals. The start element ofthe iirst signal shown is mutilated inthc same disadvantageous way in all transmissionsections,

that is to' say the stop-start transition always arrives .8

msecs. or 40% retarded; l

Consequently, in Fig. 3, the signalsv arescannedat 'the input side of the regenerative repeater; as before, i. Ie. in the optimum way of the start-stop system and similar to the example of Fig. V2. vThe result of the scanning is stored every 20 msecs. in (systems having a transmission velocity of 50 bands) for the duration of 20 msecsl in the same memory element. v

The scanning of signals at the receiving side of re'- generative repeaters of this kind is indicated symbolically in Fig. 3 by the groups of 5 vertical arrows under the signals, which are indicated on the lines 2, 4 and 6, respectively,of Fig. 3. The place or time of scanning is only controlled by the stop-start-transiti'onsv of the incoming signals.

Since the stop-start transition between two signals of a continuous series of signals can be only shifted backward a maximum of l0 msecs. (because a further shift would cause the start tobecome false) and since itis necessary for a correct reception with otherwise undistorted element boundaries of the signaLthe scanning 'of the corresponding memory device by means of a second memory device coupled directlyk with the retransmission is effected at the most only 10 msecs. later than the kadjustment of the first memory device. This will be explained more fully hereinafter. It is observed in this connection that a regenerative repeater comprising such a double memory'device fundamentally permits a shift of the adjustment of the second memory deviceof at the most 20 msecs. with respectto that of the rstmemory device.

The scanning of the incoming signalV elements bymeans of the first half of the double memory device is indicated in Fig. 3 by the upper group of arrows under the incoming'signals of lines 2, 4, and 6. The scanning of the rst half of the double memory device by means of the second half thereof is indicated Vsymbolically by the second group of arrows indicated under them. In the first regenerative repeater of Fig. 3, all-arrows arecoincidenLH'In'fthel-lsecond repeater. fr; they do n ot coin'cide incthe second'signal; that is to say Ythe signal Vwhich Yfollows 4afteri .the signal withv the retarded stop-start Y'transi-v toniflthe third regenerativev repeater the coincidence 1s.already interrupted inthe two signals following after the signal with the Yretarded stop-start transition asia result ofrthe repetitionV ofthe unfavourable shift of the stop-start transitionihe" duration of said signals is reduced to 142 msecs., similar to the preceding examples. The length of the start elements and that of the intelligence elements remainsl the nominal 20 msecs.V The rsultant disadvantageous ,shift of the stop-start transition only y.becomes manifest in the retransmission as a reduction of the stop elements. 'Ihis also implies that the excessively increased vloss thevelocity ofthe transnntter arranged atthe beginning of the transmission lines is corrected to correspond` to the nominal velocity of thqelements byanreduction of; the stop element equal to the difference in` duration of one reception cycle. This way lof correcting anyv excessive differences in speed has the advantage that signalsarebtained which are located the recommendations of the CCIT. The correction of excessive differences in velocity is practicable onlyrif use is made of signals which have a nominal duration ofthe `stop element of 30 msecs., i. e. a duration of /2 stop elements. Y

L A regenerative repeater comprising one double memory device may also bejused for the transmission of signals in astart-stop-code having stop elements of a nominal durationof msecs. However, in this case, it is necessaryrrto ,have acreduction of the stop elements to at the least 1S msecs., and the lresultant signals still satisfythe recommendations O f the CCIT, as shown more fully in Eig. 4 the foregoing does not require further explanation aftenthe foregoing. It may be seen from Fig. 4 that the reaction of a delayed reception of a stop-start transition extends over a larger numberof signals than in a systemwith signals having a stop element of a nominal` duration of 30 msecs..

.I Fig. 4 showsaonly two sections of incoming and outgoingcsignals through two successive regenerative repeaters rr 1, rr 2, however itY doesvnot show a number of signals sutlcient to, indicate that the correction of the delay in the stop-start transition of a signal by 8 msecs. extends'over four signals. Arepetition of such a delay atthe stop-start transition of the samesignal in such subsequent regenerative repeaters section does not cause diiculty, as may be seenY from lines 4 and 5 ofrFig. 4 in that only 4the number of successive signals or their stop Velements reduced is increased before cornplete correction.

i AYII. ELECTRONIC Y REGENERATIV E CIRoUrrs Y I An Velectronic design of `a regenerator comprisingy one double memory) device according to this invention will bev described hereinafter by way of example and the description will be Vrestricted to the wiring diagram which is shown, Fig.f5.`v 1 It. will be evident that such regenerativejrepeater, either in mechanical or in electrical form, may be manufactured with the use of different kinds of parts `such as,- -for example, high-vacuum tubes, cold-cathode tubes, transistors, rectifying cells; polar relays, etc. It carinot'cbeV expected that all these forms of construction willbe .described `in detail,` since it will be assumed that every man Vskilled 'in one or more of these techniques cancompose regenerative 'repeater according to this invention with variations therefrom on the basis of the description following hereinafter. The telegraph signals to tbe regenerated are received, fors'eirample, by thel polar'receiving relay OR (Fig. 5) having -an armatureor whichcontrols theelectronic circuit. YHoweverfsaid polar relayV may be replaced by angeletronic; circuit without'- departing fronrthe scopel of REPEATER this invention. The voltage variation atV point 2 `of of a duratiorirof 30 msecs. The signal comprises a start element', 5 intelligence elementsv and the stop element previously mentioned. Further description of this regenerative'repeater will be directed to the reception and retransmission of signals in the`usu`al 5- unit start-stop code.VV However, it is to be noted that without any'funf @mental-modification this invention is also applicable to regenerative repeaters for signals in a start-stop code having alarger or smaller'number of intelligence ele-` ments. y Y

- The signal shown in Fig. 6ehas not beenrsubjected to distortion, but it Vmay be assumed that this .incoming a circuit comprising five resistors R1 through R5.y ViaV point 1 of fthis'" circuit, the regenerative repeater is started for performing one reception cycle, the incoming signal elements being scanned via point 2. The circuit including Vthe resistors R1Y throughRs is connected to the positive andnegative terminals of a source of energyl or potentialyfwhich may have a nominal value say, 220 `V volts." Theresistors R1 through R5 are so proportioned that the circuitin the so-called rest position has a volt-` tage of 60 volts on terminal Vl and a voltage of 80 volts on terminal 2. Said voltages are changed when thel i Y if the voltageV source isv grounded at l70 volts, the armature provides.V voltages of plus and minus l() volts at points 1 and! position .of the armature o. changes.

according to its position. Y

Terminal 1` isi connected to a so-called start-stop cir-V cuit which comprises tubes B1 and B2.Y Said circuit con# trols the starting and the stopping of the iirst generator tubes B3 and B4. Said generator must produce a squarewave'current having a frequency of 50 c./s. 1 is connected to the start-stop circuit B1/B2 through a rectifying cell G1, which forms part of the relay cell comprising rectifying cells G1 and G2, and a resistor R6; which resistor is connected to the negative'terminal of the energy source. The output terminal 4 of said relay cell G1'/G2 and R6 always passes the most positive of the voltages appearing at the input terminals 1 and V3 to the control grid of tube B1. at Yterminal 3 to ybe -1O volts when the regenerative repeater is in the rest position, that is to say that vthis voltage is equal to thevoltage on terminal 1, the changeover of armature or as a result of the reception ofV a start element of a signal may cause the voltage at point V4 to change from '10 volts to |10 volts (seeV Fig. 6, second line 4), which causes the generator B3/.B4 to start. v Y

VDuring the rest position of the regenerative repeater,

the start-stop circuit (B1/B2) is maintained in a position" such that the tube B1 is in the non-conductive position and tube B2 is'inthe conductive position, since the v. cathodes oftubes B1A and Bz are grounded via resistork 2. FIRST GENERATOR CIRCUIT i The anode of tube B2 is connected to the coupling point (8b) of the resistor R16 and the capacitor C3 of the rst generatorcircuit. The resistor R16 and the capacitor C3' the l circuit is shownon the rfirst Vline of Fig. 6l This firstline shows a complete telegraph signal having'a stop element The pointY Assuming the voltage fag-esmero constitute the frequency-determining'element ofthe multivibrator B3/B4 in one direction, and the resistor R23 and the capacitor C2 constitute the frequency determiningdevice for the movement of the multivibrator B3/B4 in the other direction. Resistors R12, R13 and VR13'.con stitute a potentiometer between the positive and the negative terminal of the energytsource, which enables the frequency to be controlled to a certain extent .via an adjustable contact on the resistor R12. The cathodes of the tubes B3 and B3 are connected to the coupling point of the resistors R13 and R13. If the coupling of the anode of tube B2 to the control grid of tube B3 is omitted, the circuit comprising the tubes B3 and B4 constitutes an ordinary multivibrator, in which the conductive `positions of the two tubes change (abruptly) in :phase opposition at regular intervals, as may be seen at pointl 8va of the circuit (Fig. 6) for the tube B4. The change in the conductive position of the tube B3 is not shown in Fig. V6 for the sake of simplicity. The variations in' theanode voltage may be seen at point 8a.

' In order to Vclarify the operation of the circuit, the subsequent line (8b) of Fig. 6 shows, in addition, the variation in the voltages on the control grid of tube B3 of the generator circuit (point 8b). If the generator has a frequency Yof 50 c./s., the voltages on the control grid of tube B4 are temporarily shifted by l0 msecs. The potential diterence between the points 8a and 8b' constitutes the voltage on capacitor C3.

It is very important in this kind of circuits that the generator B3/ B4 during the rst step vafter starting imrnediatcly adjusts the correct time. This mayre'adily be ensured in this circuit by adjusting the anode voltage of tb'e- B2 of the start-'stop circuit in such /manner that in the conductive position (rest position of the regenerative repeater) it is exactly equal to that 'of capacitor C3 in the lower peak,"the cathode voltages of the tubes B3 and B4 being such that tube [B3 vis in the non-conductive position.

yThe circuit of the generator is furthermore such, as to change the conductive positions of the tubes B3 and B4 for the'iirst time only 10 msecs. after reception of a stopstart transition. This 'results in the favourable property that wrong start signals, that is to say start elements of a duration'shorter than 10 msecs., cannot start the regenerative repeater for performing a reception cycle. The tube B2 in this case reassumes its conductive position within 10 msecs., so that capacitor C3 returns very rapidly to the potential of the rest position of the regenerative repeater. Thus generator is immediately ready for restarting, and there is no so-called blind period.

The generator B3/B4 comprises two pairs of output terminals, viz. the pair 5, 6 and the pair 7, 8. The voltage variation on terminal r8 is shown at (8) in Fig. 6. The terminals and `6 are connected via the capacitors C1 and C4 to the vanodes of the tubes B3 and B4. The potentiometers comprising the resistors R11, R12 and R24, R23 provide at said output terminals a constant rest potential, which is +1() volts and -10 volts, respectively. The voltage variation of the output terminals A5 and 6 isshown at (5) and ('6) respectively, in Fig. 6. The point I6 has a rest potential of -l'O volts and has sharp impulses having a peak 'value of +10 volts passing through it every 2O msecs. 4(at a transmission velocity of about 50 B). The point 5, however, has a rest potential Aof volts with a sharp pulse of negative -value passing through it every 2O msecs. The pulses of opposite polarities located between Ithetwo series doV not infuence the circuit Vand may therefore `be disregarded.

These sharp pulses from the ,generator B3/B4 will be primarily used for twopurposes, viz.: .(a) for synchronizing the time-base of the regenerative repeater, by which the stopping of theV generator at the end of a reception cycle must Vbe initiated. The `semi-stable trig-r ger circuit comprising the tubes 4B5 B3 fulfills the function of a time-base circuit. (b) for scanning Athe elements of lthe incoming signals. -This scanning fis effected with the use of the circuit comprising the rectifying cells G10 through G15. The result is temporarily stored in the stable trigger circuit comprising the tubes B13 and B14, i.e. the intermediate memory device.

3. TIME-BASE 'CIRCUIT Said pulse is supplied to the rectifying cell comprisingV a resistor R33 and the rectifying cells G3 to G3. lThe control grid of tube B3, which is in the ,non-conducting position when the regenerative repeater is at rest, is coul trolled via rectifying cell G5 by the most negative of the voltages supplied to the rectifying cells G3 and G4. The rest voltages connected to the cells G3 andfG., fare -10 volts and +10 volts, respectively, so thatthe con-l trol voltage connected to the cell G3 controls the conductive position of tube B3 upon change to +10 volts. Since the iirst pulse originating from terminal 6 of the generator is positive (+10 volts), tube B3'thus Vbecomes conducting. Due to the coupling 'of the anode of tube B3 via capacitor C3 to the control grid of tube B3, which tubes have a common cathode resistor R32, the 'latter tube, tube B3, will be brought into the non-conductive position. Thus the semi-stable trigger circuit comprising the tubes B3 and B3 is brought into the lable position for msecs. Y

The tubes B5 and B3 have anode resistors R31 and R33; respectively. The' anode of tube :B3 is coupled by way of 'apotentiometer R33, R34 and a resistor R37 to the con- Vtrol grid of tube B3, Vso that the change of the conductive positions of the tubes B5 and B3 is passed iny amplified fromback to the grid of tube B3 as a result of th'e'rst positive pulse from the generator, so that a quick rchange of the conductive positions ofthe two tubes is enhanced.

Between the anode of tube B3 and the negative terminal'of the energy source there is included a potentiometer R23, R33, by vwhich the voltage at point 3 ofthe start-stop circuit, which was -10 volts during the rest position of the regenerative repeater, is changed to +10 volts after the change-over of 'the semi-stable trigger B13/B3. This ensures the operation of the generator cir'- cuit dur-ing the change-over time of the semi-stable Vtrigger B3/ B3 independently of the polarity of the incoming signals. The operation of the generator is thus 'ensured l0 msecs. a'fter reception of the stop-start transition :of the signal to be received and regenerated.

lf the stop-start transition initially ascertained would prove to be -a so-called false start within 10 msecs. due to an Vopposite transition, the start-stop circuit comprising the tubes B1 and B2 returns to the rest position in which tube B2 is conductive. This causes the generator comprising tubes B3 and B4 to stop immediately, whilst the generator is ready almost immediately for any sub= sequent real reception-cycle due to the rapid charge of capacitor C3 via the conducting tube B2 so that'there is no blind period. v Y

The anode of tube B3 ris connected via a potentiometer R33/R39 to thenegative terminal of the energy source'. Saidpotentiometer R33/R33 is tapped via the delayA mem# ber comprising the resistor R43 and the capacitor TG3 which is connected to the rectifying cell G4. (The obj'ec't of this circuit appears when the reception cycle Ais terminated.)

. The control grid `of tube B5, when the semi-stable trigger circuit assumed the lable position, became comparatively negative. and `subsequently slowly returned to 'the voltage associated with the stable position as a result of the charging Vprocess of capacitor C3 via resistorRm. The

Vtive terminal of the energy source.

voltagefvariation of'V the control grid? of tube B5 (point 13) is shown lat (13) in Fig. 6. Voltage pulses `from theigenerator B3/B1 are impressed via resistor'R2`5 and capacitor C5 upon thecontrol grid of the tube B5, so that if. the charging ofcapacitor C3 has proceeded su'iciently, the semi-stable trigger B5/B3 returns abruptly to the stable position as a resultof such a synchronizing pulse. This may be seen in the line (13) of Fig. 6.

This return `to the stable position takes place exactly 130msecs. after reception of a stop-start transition -lor the accuracy of the generator comprising the tubes B3 and B4. The 'delay circuit R40-C7 is now inserted to effect, that the rectifying cell G4 remains connected forl some time' to a point of negative voltage, so that the last positive pulse from the generator over the tertninal 6 via rectifier G3 cannot bring the semi-stable 4trigger circuitinto the lable position again immediately.

B. F rst scanning circuit and intermediate memory'devce During this cycle of the generator comprising the tubes B3 and B4 in cooperation with the semi-stable trigger-.circuit comprising the tubes B5 and B5, the incoming signal elements are scanned and temporarily stored in the intermediate memory device comprising the tubes B13 and B11. Theelements of the incoming signals are supplied to point 11 of a rst scanning circuit comprising the cells G through G15. The points 6 and 5 of -the s aid generator circuit B3/B4 are connected to the cells G10 and G11, respectively. Via these cells simultaneous positive and negative sharp pulses are produced, which at yrest voltages are negative and positive, respectively. The circuit comprising the cells G10 through G15 substantially comprises two relay cells, Viz. one comprising the'cells G10, G12, G14 and resistor R74 and the other relay cell comprising the cells G11,`G13, G15 and resistor R115.`v Both relay cells give access via the rectiier cells G14 and G15, respectively, to point 12 of the circuit. This point isconnected to the control grid of the trigger circuit comprising the tubes B13, B14, which is circuited as an intermediate memory device. The anode of tube B13 is connected via resistor R77 to the positive terminal of the energy source and connected via a potentiometer R19/R30 to the negative terminal of the said source.Y

Y The tapping point on the said potentiometer R13/R33 is connected to the control grid of tube B14. The anode of this tube is connected via a resistor R31 to the positive terminal of the energy source and connected via a potentiometer Rs2/R33 to the negative terminal thereof. The tapping point of said potentiometer Rs2/R83 is connected to point 23 of a second scanning circuit. The common cathode of the tubes B13 and B14 is connected via resistor R73 likewise to the negative terminal of the energy source. The tapping point on potentiometer R32/R33 is back-coupled via resistor R75 to the control grid kof tube B13, so that tube B14 passes a voltage back tothe grid of tube B13 having a polarity such that this voltage is equal to the last voltage received via one of the rectifying cells G14 and G15, so that this circuit thus acquires a memory action. The cell vG15 is connected to a negative voltage via the potentiometer R24/R25, so that between -the moments when a signal element is scanned influence can no longer be exerted upon the coupling point of the two said cells, G10 and G12 via point 12, which point is connected via resistor R74 to the posi- In analogy therewith, cell G11 is connected to a positive voltage via the potentiometer R11/R12, so that via cell G13 iniluence can no longer be exerted upon the coupling point of the two last-mentioned cells G11 and G13, which is connected via resistor R to the negative terminal of the energy source. Y

The outputs of said two relay cells are connected via the cells G14 and G15, respectively, to the point 12, which point may be either positive or negative according to the back-coupled voltage received via resistor R751 If Y a positive voltage from the generator B3/ B1, the coupling 1 point `of the cells G10 and G12 may follow the positive voltage atpont 11. Due to the fact that the circuit-of relay cell G11, G13-G15 is such that the coupling point can follow the most positive voltage, the coupling point of the cel1s'G11 and G13, which Vat the moment of scanning was supplied' with the negative voltage via the cell G11, can also have a positive voltage. SinceV the point 12 is supplied with a positive voltage both via the cell G14-and the cell yG15,`this point. 12 has a positive voltage, andthe trigger circuit comprising the tubes B13 and B14 reversesY its position.

An analogous argumentation may apply to the scanningV Y of a signal element having a negative voltage at point 11, if the memory device occupies a position such-that point 12 has a positive back-coupled voltage. Y

l s s A C. Second timing device s Y Y The seventh scanning in this example, i. e. the scanning of they last orstop element of any signal, takes place l msecs. after the stop-start transition. The generator com:-tv prising the tubes B3 and B4 then comes to rest again due to the semi-stable trigger on time-base circuit, which comprises the tubes B5 and B5, returning to its stable position. vAt the momentthat the positionof the semi-stable trigger circuitcomprising the tubes'B5 and B5 varies for the rst time or changes from its stable to ylable position,

a second start-.stop circuit comprisingV the tubes B7 and.

B8 causes the starting of a second generator circuit comprising the tubes B9 and B10.l The operation time of the second generator is controlled trigger circuit comprising the tubes B11-and B12.v Said circuits are fundamentally similar to those previously described. However, there are diiferences in some details. The second lstart-stop circuit is controlled by a relay cell comprising thecells G5,'G1 and resistor R42 and the` series-1r connected relay cell comprising the cells G3, G9 and resistor R43. The irst relay cell follows the most negative Vof the control voltages supplied, the second following the 4Since G7 is connected to a positive control voltage, the'4 associated relay cell isV free to follow the polarity of the cell G5, if this control Y `(at the rest position) Vto 'i positive, whichl happens l0 msecs. after reception of a v control voltage connected to the voltage changes from negative stop-start transition (see line (18)1 of Fig. 6a).

Sincethe cell G9 in the rest position is connected to a Y negative control voltage, the positive control voltagel passed viav the cell G5 is also passed Via cell G3 'to the control grid of tubeBq. Thus this tube B7 becomes conducting; and tube B3 becomes non-conducting, causing the B11/B10 generator to start. After 10V msecs., similarly as with the generator B3/ B4 rst described, the irst change of the conductive' positions of the .two generator tubes B11/B10. takeswplac'e A(see line (20)1, Fig. 6a).v At-this momenta negativev pulseis passedrvia capacitor C14 and# resistor Rg'to the associated semi-stabletrigger circuit by a second semi-stable trol voltage supplied, it s `possible to B11/B12, which ,assumes the lable position for a duration ofill() msecs. 'This implies that, if all Vcircumstances are normal, this Vsemi-stable trigger circuit B11/B12 also returns to the stable rest position 130 msecs. after reception of astop-start transition. under the control of synchronizing pulse'srprovided by the generator B/B19 via capacitor vC11 and resistor R95. During the 'operation of the second generator circuit B11/B15, this vcircuit is rendered insensitive to external inuences by the control voltage of potentiometer R59/R51 connected to the cell G9. The potentiometer R19/R11 supplies a negative control Voltage to the delay member comprising resistor R41 and capacitor C5, which are jointly connected to rectifying cell G7. Said negative control voltage is maintained for a number of msecs. determined by said delay member, after the semi-stable trigger circuit ,comprising 'the tubes B11 and B19 has returned to its rest position. Since the relay cell comprising the cells G6 'and G1 and resistor R119 follows the most negative conmaintain the second generator circuit B11/B19 in the stop position for some moments when the fr'st semi-stable trigger circuit B5/B5 has already given the start signal. importance for satisfactory operation yof the regenerative repeater of this invention.

l). Second scanning circut'ad 'fnl memory device r Thetwo described generators vcontrol a second scanning circuit comprising the cells G15 through`G99. They substantially comprise two scanning circuits as previously described, but with more control voltages.

The cells G17 through G19 are coupled to a resistor Ru.' The cells Gzo/Gzza'recopled to the resistor R95. The second scanning circuit, which is substantially connected in parallel with that comprising the cells G15/ G22, comprises as before two more relay cells, viz. one comprisingthe cells Gia, G25 and resistor R95Vand the other comprising the cells G54, G59 and resistor R91. Y

The 'two pairs of scanning devices Aare connected in parallel via rectifying cells G25, G21 and G28, G29. They scan the signal elements temporarily stored in the intermediate memory device B13/B11 and pass them to the final memory device comprising the tubes B15 and B15. This second scanning device `is fundamentally controlled, justdisregarding the cell G15, by two generators, viz. that comprising the tubes B3 and B4 and that compristhe B9 B10.

` The outlets 7 and 8 of the inst-'mentioned generator B/Bgvare connected to the cells G25 and G11, the cofrespndingfoutlets and 100i the second generator B9/ B19 being conected to ther'e'ctifying cells'G19 and G21. The signal to be scanned is suppliedto'the rectifying cells G19 and G25. The nal memory comprising'the tubes B15 'and B19 takes over the position of the intermediate memory comprising Vthe tubes B13 and B11 in fundamentally the same manner as described for thescanning device comprising the r'ectifying cells G19 to G15, which is due to the scanning now beingetfected over a longer period. This taking over is possible only during Vthe period in which the two generators provide a positive control voltage and a lnegative control voltage at the terminals Y8, 9 and at lthe terminals 7, 10, respectively.

Y The :circuit of the 'nal memory comprising the tubes B15 and B15 is quite analogous' to that of the intermediate memory 'comprising the tubes B13 and B11, except that the tapping point v15 of the potentiometer R91/R95 is gr'onded'via a Winding of a polar transmitting relay ZR,

Tlieipolar transmitting relay ZR can retransmit vthe sign'alelements stored in-the nal memory in the form of doublecurrent signals via the `armature zr. If an elec- This return takes place.

This is of utmost.

iii)

tronic "outletffor double-'current signals is desired, the

polar transmitting relay ZR is simply omitted. The regenerated signal is shown on line (15) in Fig. V6. Y Y

fFig. 6a shows on the lines ('20)1 and (7) the operationof one of the'tubes ofthe second and irs't generators B11/B19. The second generator starts lmsecs; afterthe iirst generator B11/B1, whilstA the takeover -,possibility exists during the rest condition andthe further evenly numbered half cycles in so far they coincide with the odd numbered half cycles of the tirst generator B11/B1. The regenerated signal is shown on line {22)1. t

If, as a result of back'ward displacement of the'stop'# start transition of a signal (late reception), therst geni. erator 13a/B4 is, restarted by ian immediately following stop-start transition, it may be that the second gen1 erator B19/B19 cannot be started due to the stop element of the regenerated signal not being ready. yThispre= vention of starting has previously beende'scribed with reference to rectifying cell G1. This results in retarded starting of the second generator B9/B10-and hence also in a shorter period of the possibility for the nal memory 1 comprising the tubes B15, B1@ to take over the. position of the intermediate memory comprising the 'tubes B19;

This is shown in Fig. 6a on the line (18)2, 20(2) and (22)2. The line (18)2 indicates the second operationof the start-stop circuit comprising the tubes B1 and B5, The line"(-20)2 indicates the operation of the ysecond generator comprising the tubes B9 and B19.' The lin'e (22)2 indicates the signal regenerated under thesefconditions, the duration of the taking-over being shown between arrows. In vienI of the very'r'apid adjustment of the electronic memory elements, the duration of taking# over may decreaserto'a fraction of a msec. Y. The principal operation of the regenerative 'repeater according to the'inventid'n has been explainedhere'with. However, there are some further particulars in the 'taking'- over of the intermediate memory device B15/B14 which require a further explanation, since the possibility of taking over the 'contents of the intermediate vmernoryfclevice B13/B14 must Vnot occur before the second start-stop circuit comprising the tubes Bf, and B9 has been brought ont of the restposition and itV must not be closed before the second semi-stable trigger circuit B15/ B15 has returnedfto its stable position. As a Vrnatter'of fact, if no ptienli' steps were taken at the beginning of the operation bi the first generator B9/B1, the contents of Vthe,intermediate memory device1B19/B11 would always be t'akenlov'erl the nal memory device vB15/B15 at the beginning of the irst half cycle of the rst generator B9/B4 and at the rest `position of the second generator B11/B19, "thatislto say a premature start of the start element'of the signal to be regenerated might result and wouldrac'tually result if the stop-start transition ofk thepreceding signal were received late. i'

1- The first half of the scanning circuit for taking-over the contents of the intermediate memory device 1313/ B14 comprises a cell G15, which is connected to a potentiometer R15/R47 of the second start-stop triggercircuit comprising the tubes B, and B8. This circuit provides a positive control voltage during the periods of rest. The said scanning circuit is locked against premature taking-over of the starting polarity from the intermediate memory 'device B13/B14' due to the cell G29 which-remains cut off until the start-stop circuit releases said path by giving the control voltage on cell G15 a negative polarity. -The position of the intermediate memory device B19/B14, i. e. the negative voltage given at point 23, is then passed Zon zvia cell G29 as a decrease of the voltage drop across resistor Rvand subsequently due to the release of cellA overscanning circuit. For this purpose, use is made of thesec'ond 'half of this taking-over circuit which can become operative only once during each operating cycle, whenv the semi-stable trigger circuit comprising the tubes B11 and B12, which determines theV delay of the operation between the two scanning circuits (G to G15 and G16 to G30), returns to its stable position. The last-mentioned semi-stable trigger circuit B11/B12 comprises two pulse outputs via the capacitors C11 and C13, respectively, and via these capacitors the potentiometers R52/R51, and R12/R73 are. `provided with positive and negative rest potentials,.respectively. Consequently, the negative and positive pulses occurring only once at the end of an operating cycle become active in the described manner via the rectifyingcells G30 and G25, respectively. The stop polarity is taken over via the cells G23, G24 and G27, G28. This stop polarity may alternatively be negative, if a closure signal is concerned.A

E. Modifications "nie wheiiy within the reach ef these skilled in the small, though constant delay in the start of the second f generator. p Y 1 III. MECHANICAL4 REGENERATIVE REPEATER Fig. 7 shows the principle of a mechanical regenerative repeater comprising two time-bases or two distributorsR and T which may be driven by a common shaft via a "slip coupling and diierentY gear transmissions.v 'The receptiomdistributor R has the. division in 6l/2 elements required'for'receivers having a duration of revolution of'13() msecsg,`so Vthatsignalsfin the 7-unit-code (stop elementV of one nit) `can be received. The transmittingk distributor, ,Tv may have Ya duration of revolution of -14() msecs., if* the regenerative repeater must serve in a7l/z'unit system (stop element of 11/2 units) at a tran-smission speed of 50 B. The signal elements-to be're.- generated have' a duration of 20 msecs. except Vthe stop element, which has a minimum durationof 20, msecslv When used in.7unit systems having a stoplelement of nominally 20 msecsgit is necessary for neutralizing any. diierencesin speedbetween the incomingV signal and the speed that a stop element of at the least 18 msecs.

shall b e regenerated to ensure that the recommendations of the-CClTkare still satisfied. The transmitting distributor T in this case requires a duration of revolution'of 1 38 msecs. It Will be assumed hereinafter` in the description that the transmitting distributor T is divided into 7'equal elements. y

The winding of a polar receiving relay'OR' is connected t the receiving line in Fig. 7. The armature or of this relay"in1therrest position, is connected to the plus terminal of the battery and is also connected to a slip ring or a so called common contact 71 Vof the receptiondistributor R. Th'edistributor shaft is maintained in the output position shown by means -of ya pawl 72. In this position contact is established with a laminati-on 73 which is connected to the winding of the decoupling magnet 74. The other side of the Vdecoupling magnet Vof the reception-distributor-is counected to the positive terminalV of the'battery. At the rest position of the polar receiving relay OR', this circuit cannot be traversed by current. However, when a Vstart element of -a signal is received, the armature or engages the contact 75 which is connected to the negative terminal ofthe battery. A current thus flows through `1`6 the said coupling magnet 74, attracting its armature and lifting the pawl 72 in the example under 'considera-1 tion, so that the reception distributorR`V isset into move-.f

ment by the driving shaft viaV the slip coupling (not- Ashown) for performing one revolution. VDuring this rev-l olution, the intelligence elements of theincoming signal.' are scanned in the ordinary and knownway by means of contacts c, d, e, and g having a short lclosing period with respect to the duration of an element. Thefkind of current of the elements, plus or minus, is` subse-l quently stored in an intermediate memory device which n is common to all elements. The intermediate. memory device is shown here as a capacitorV C. It will beevie. dent that it may alternatively be a polar .relay with sufficiently quick reaction, which remains inthev position once occupied yby means of a ip-ilop action or by other means until an opposite command is given.

Dueto closure `of the Atwo contactsV a and b by the distributor arm 76, theV receptiondistributorv R, immediately after'the start, energizes the decoupling magnet.' 77 of the transmission distributor T, which lifts the associated pawl lever `78, so that the distributor T is'releasedV for performing one revolution. The iirstfcontactl or seg-L ment h of the distributorfT is connected to the polarity; of the start element (minus), the iivel subsequent lcon-` tacts or segments j, k, l and m,'which need make con.

tact only for the duration suiiicient for scanningthe intermediate memory Vdevice c, -are connected to the said intermediate memory device.. "IfV itis a'capa'citon'the connection maytake place as Vshown in Fig. 7; I-'f `the intermediate memory device is a polar relay, saidcontacts mustbe connectedv to thearmature 79, thetwo' contacts being connected tothe positive and the negative terminal, respectively, of the battery. The contact n of the transmission distributor T which serves for pro-i ducing the stop element, is rigidly connected to .the

positive terminal of the battery in Fig. 7. It-isobser'v'ed that such is inadmissible when using the regenerative repeater in telegraph lines which co-operate-with 'systems having callingy and closure signalling. vIn 'suchal case the stop element must be scanned by the reception distributor and retransmitted by the transmissioniidis-A Y tributor. If a permanent 'start polarity is received, thei regenerative repeater does not come to rest. A i

In performing a revolution@4 the vtransmission; tributor T thus first transmits a Vstarrt elementi,('.-;.),isincey the general contact 81 of the transmissiondistributorjl is connected to a winding of a polar device transmission relay ZR, which mayV serve as a final memory,;devie and in this example is preferably adjustedY in a flip-flop manner. The other end ofy said windingfis gr0unded,ji.'e. to the centre of the battery.. Subsequently,v five times the contents of the intermediate memory device is taken over successively by the transmission Vrelay'jor na'l' memory device ZR. This transmssion'r'elay always remains in the positionV taken over during V20 lmsecs. i. e.; the length of an element, so that a non-'distorted Vsignalis regenerated. If, now, dueto the above-described distortion ofthe stop-start transition of asignajl, the recep tion `distributor R must starttoo early atthe reception of the subsequent signal (max. l0 msecs. the-,scanning is timeless) (in practice i8 msecs.),'wthe transmissionV distributor T has not returned toits Yinitial position such as when said signal is given-immediatelyafter that having the distorted stop-start transition. The transr mission distributor T must `in'this case continue itserota"4 tion without stopping. YThe reception distributor VRvmust maintain the pawl lever 78 lifted vfrom the transmission;

distributor T during a period up'tomaxinzxumy l0emsecsf after the start. Thevdifference in positionvbetweenthe two distributors then ydisappears againV after one or more forme eeeve described in Fig'. 4. Y A f,

While I have illustrated vand describedl what I regard t0 be the preferred embodiment of my invention, never:-

signals, as mayY follow in accordance withethe; wave- 17 theless it will be understood that such i's merely. exemplary and that numerous modifications and rearrangements may be made therein without departing from the essence of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a telecommunication system forl multi-element start-stop type code signals, a method of regeneratively repeating said signals comprising: separately and successively receiving said signals, successively scanning each element of each signal received, successively storing each element received and scanned, then successively scanning and removing each stored element for further storage before the next successive received and scanned element is stored, and successively retransmitting each restored element whereby time distortions between successive signals may be automatically corrected.

2. A regenerative repeater for signals in a multi-element stop-start type code, comprising: means for receiving said signals, means for generating a predetermined number of pulses for scanning the elements of one signal, a rst means for successively scanning each element of each received signal, a rst means for successively storing each element so received and so scanned, a second means for generating a second predetermined series of scanning pulses for scanning said stored elements, a second means for successively scanning each of said stored elements by said second generated pulses, a second storing means for .further successively re-storing each of said elements removed from said rst storing means by said ,second regenerated pulses, and means for successively retransrnittingV ,each re-stored element, whereby time distortions between successive signals may be automatically corrected.

3. A regenerative repeater for signals in a start-stop code comprising: a receiving circuit, a rst time base circuit, a second time base circuit which operates substantially independently of said rst time base circuit, an intermediate storing means for one signal element, a first and second scanning means controlled respectively by said rst and second time base circuits, and a nal storing means for one signal element, whereby said iirst scanning means successively stores the elements of each signal in said intermediate storing means and then said second scanning means successively transfers each element from said intermediate storing means to said nal storing means before the next received element is scanned by said rst scanning means.

4. An electronic regenerative repeater according to claim 3 wherein said scanning devices comprise static electronic relay cell means including rectiers.

5. A mechanical regenerative repeater according to claim 3 wherein said scanning devices comprise rotating distributors.

6. A regenerative repeater according to claim 3 wherein said time base circuit is controlled by the stopstart transition of each signal.

7. A regenerative repeater according to claim 3 including means for maintaining the position of said intermediate storing means unvaried for the duration of at least one signal element.

8. A regenerative repeater according to claim 3 including means controlled by said nal storing means to produce the regenerated signal elements.

9. A regenerative repeater according to claim 3 wherein said receiving circuit comprises'a polar receiving relay.

10. A regenerative repeater for multi-element stopstart type code signals, comprising: a receiving means, a first time base means, a second time base means, a rst scanning means controlled by said rst time base means for scanning each element of each signal as it is received in said receiving means, a rst and the same memory device controlled by iirst scanning means for successively storing each scanned element, a second scanning means controlled by said second time base means for successively scanning each stored element, a second and the same memory device controlled by said `second scanning means for successively restoring each stored and secondly scanned element, and a means controlled by said second memory device.`

11. A' regenerative repeater according to claim l0 wherein said scanning means comprise rectie'r cells.

l2. A regenerative repeater according fto :claim- 1 0 wherein saidV memory devices comprise'bistable' trigger circuits. i

13. A regenerative .repeater according, to claim- 10 wherein at least one of said memory devices comprises a relay. 14. A regenerative repeater according tovclai'rn` 10 wherein said iirst memory device comprises fa capacitor.

l5. A regenerative repeater according 'to claim` 10 wherein said scanning means comprise mechanical distributors. f

16. A regenerative repeater according v'to claim I5 including an electric motor for driving both of said mechanical distributors. l 5 l 17. A regenerative repeater accordingV to claim l16 "including :separate electro-magnetic means controlled by their corresponding time base means for separately controllingthe driving of each of said mechanical distributors by said electric motor.

18. A regenerative repeater according to claim. .l0 wherein said' transmitting means comprises a polar' relay.

191A regenerative repeater according to claiml0 wherein eachV of said time'base means comprises Va start- ,stop circuit, an oscillator generatorl circuit, andl Va; semistable trigger circuit'.V i

20. A regenerativerepeater according to claim v10 wherein said iirsttime base means' is controlled byitlie Y start-stop transition .of each'following.signal... y 1

"21'. A regenerative repeater' according to claimV l() wherein said second time base means includes means for generating a stop element for the signal regenerated by said repeater when said second time base means completes its cycle and returns to its rest position.

22. A regenerative repeater for signals in a start-stop code in which said signals comprise a start element, a plurality of intelligence elements, and a stop element, said regenerative repeater comprising: a iirst starting and stopping means, a first pulse generating means controlled by said rst startingV and stopping means, a first timing means to control the operation of said rst generating means, a rst scanning means comprising rectifying cells, an intermediate storing means controlled by said rst scanning means, a second starting and stopping means, a second scanning means controlled by said second starting and stopping means, a second timing means to control the operation of said second generating means, a second scanning means comprising rectifying cells, and a tinal storing means controlled by said second scanning means, whereby said second scanning means transfers the elements stored in said rst scanning means to said sec-- ond scanning means before the next element of the signal received is scanned by rst scanning means.

23. A regenerative repeater according to claim 22 including means for starting said second starting and stopping means by the operation' of said first timing means.

' 24. A regenerative repeater according to claim 22 wherein said rst and second timing means for controlling said generating means each comprises a semi-stable trigger circuit.

25. A regenerative repeater according to claim 22 wherein said intermediate and final storing means each comprises a bi-stable trigger circuit.

26. A regenerative repeater according to claim 22 includingmeans for maintaining said second generating means in' its stop or rest position a short time before being started under the control of said tirst timing means.

27. A mechanical regenerative repeater comprising: a receiving circuit, a mechanical reception distributing 30. A regenerative repeater according to claim 27 v wherein said linal storn'g means comprises a polar transg mittng, relay- 31.` A regenerative repeater according to claim 2 7 "wherein said mechanical reception and transmission distributing means operate substantially independently 'of eachother. A l u 32.'A regenerative repeater according to claim 27 including an electric motor and means for separately Yelectrornagneticallvy coupling Vsaid mechanical reception land transmitting distributing means to lsaid electric motor. 339 A regenerative repeater circuit for stop-start mu1tielement code'sig'nals, comprising: a signalA receiving circuitcomprising: a first ,start-stop circuit, a'first oscilla- Ator generator; started lby said irst -start-stop circuit, a `irst time base circuit 'started by said rst generator for stopping said generator av predetermined'timeV after its vstartibutjsulcient for the reception of one complete multi-element signal, a first scanning device controlled by said first generator for scanning each element of each signal as it received, and anintermediate first memory devicecontrolled byfsaid rst scanning. devicey to store successivelyeach elementrof each sign'al as it is received;

a second start-stop circuit j started by the start of by said second startstop circuit, a second .time-bas ing each element. of each signal to be repeated-,fandqjsecond scanning, device controlled by. at least one of `said generators for scanning each elementof each signal,` after it has been stored in said first memory device and transferring it to said second memory'device for transmission. 34. A regenerative repeater according to claim Y 33 wherein said rst generator in'cludes means to prevent false starts of said receiving circuit.

35. VA regenerative repeater according to claim 33 including means controlled by said time base circuitsto compensate for delay by distortion of the start of a signal. 36.V A regenerative repeater according'toiclairnn 345 wherein saidrmeans to compensate for said delay comprises means controlled'by said secon'd time base circuit for varying the duration of the final stop element of each regenerated signal. v

37. A telecommunication system comprising a plurality of regenerative repeater circuits according to claim 8 connectedrto'geth'er in series. 1

References cifd'i theme of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,039,629 `Burton May 5, 1936 2,121,163 Robinson L. Ilrln'e 21, 1938 2,354,534 Mason Tuly A23, 1944 2,465,507 Bacon v MBI. 29, V1949 Y 2,522,739 Bayard et al. Sept.19, 195()V 2,606,961 Roberts Allvg.V 12, 1952 2,685,613 Liguori Q Aug. 3, 1954 Said. l lirst time base circuit, ai second oscillatorgenerator started c1r-` Cuit Started iY-'Siifiecoild 'gensrater-rfoQr-fstgpping' ad, Y second generator, a second storingdevicqfor regenterat-V` 

